Old Light House - Pondicherry Rock Beach

The Iconic Lighthouses of Pondicherry – A Beacon of Maritime Heritage

One of the most remarkable remnants of Pondicherry’s colonial past is its historic lighthouse, a towering symbol of maritime legacy and French engineering excellence. Standing tall against the Bay of Bengal, the Old Lighthouse of Pondicherry, constructed in the 19th century by the French rulers, and the New Lighthouse, built in the 20th century by the Government of India, together narrate a tale of technological evolution and seafaring importance.

The Old Lighthouse: A French Architectural Marvel

The Old Lighthouse of Pondicherry first illuminated the coast on September 1, 1836, serving as a crucial navigation aid for ships docking at the French colonial port. During the early 19th century, the only available guiding light came from atop the Red Hills, which was inadequate for night-time or stormy navigation. Recognizing the urgent need, the French Governor Saint Simon initiated the lighthouse project in 1835.

The engineering expertise was provided by Louis Guerre, who meticulously designed and oversaw the construction. The foundation stone was laid in late 1835, and the lighthouse was inaugurated in February 1836. It quickly became an indispensable part of the region’s maritime operations.

Architectural Features & Specifications

The Old Lighthouse was not just functional but also a fine example of colonial architecture. Here are some fascinating technical details:

Height: 29 meters (approx. 95 feet)

Structure: Round tower on a square base

Foundation Depth: 9 meters

Initial Light Source: Six oil lamps with two reflectors

Initial Visibility Range: 15 miles

Construction Cost: 10,000 French francs

With time, the lighthouse evolved. In 1913, its oil lamps were replaced with electric lighting, greatly enhancing its effectiveness. By 1931, a more powerful lamp was installed, extending the range to 26 nautical miles. The lighthouse emitted a rotating beam that took 36 seconds to complete a full rotation, guiding ships safely to shore.

The New Lighthouse: A Modern Maritime Sentinel

As Pondicherry grew and technology advanced, the need for a modern facility became evident. The New Lighthouse, built by the Government of India, began functioning in 1979. It stands as a testament to India’s continued commitment to safe maritime navigation.

Though the Old Lighthouse is no longer operational, it has been preserved as a heritage monument, attracting history lovers, photographers, and travelers alike.